Abstract: Three third-order digital modulation schemes, rectangular 8-quadrature amplitude modulation (8-QAM), 8-phase shift keying (8-PSK), and star 8-QAM are compared for RF receiver-level ...
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Abstract: The transmission of amplitude phase shift keying (APSK) symbols through the spatial modulation (SM) scheme, i.e., the APSK-SM system, possesses the features of both the APSK and SM schemes.