Across analytical and numerical models, the optimized actuator achieves over 200 mN/m² force intensity and ~6 µm travel range—meeting the requirements of continuous-waveguide beam steering and tunable ...
A precise measurement of absolute beam intensity is a key parameter to monitor any losses in a beam and to calibrate the absolute number of particles delivered to the experiments. However, this type ...
Self-accelerating beams—shape-preserving bending beams—are attracting great interest, offering applications in many areas such as particle micromanipulation, microscopy, induction of plasma channels, ...
An LED and a semiconductor laser (or laser LED) work in essentially the same way, that is, light is emitted as electrons and holes combine, with emission wavelength dependent upon the materials used.